The MLI enters into force for Japan on January 1, 2019, and for Pakistan on April 1, 2021.
Based on the reservations and notifications submitted by Japan on September 26, 2018 and by Pakistan on December 18, 2020, the MLI applies to the tax treaty between Japan and Pakistan as described below.
1. Tax treaty covered by the MLI
-“Convention between Japan and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the
Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income”
Date of signature: January 23, 2008
Date of entry into force: November 9, 2008
2. Provisions of the MLI applicable to the tax treaty
- Article 4(1) (Provisions that provide rules for determining whether a person other than an individual shall be treated
as a resident of one of the Contracting Jurisdictions for the purposes of the tax treaty)
- Article 6(1) (Preamble language describing the intent of the Contracting Jurisdictions that the tax treaty will not
create opportunities for non-taxation or reduced taxation)
- Article 6(3) (Preamble language referring to a desire of the Contracting Jurisdictions to develop their economic
relationship and to enhance their co-operation in tax matters)
- Article 7(1) (Provisions that deny the benefits under the tax treaty where the principal purpose or one of the principal
purposes of any arrangement or transaction was to obtain those benefits)
- Article 9(4) (Provisions for taxation on capital gains from alienation of shares or interests of entities deriving their
value principally from immovable property)
- Article 10(1) to (3) (Provisions that deny the benefits under the tax treaty with respect to a certain income
attributable to a permanent establishment situated in a third jurisdiction)
- Article 12(1) and (2) (Provisions regarding an agent that is deemed to constitute a permeant establishment)
- Article 13(2) (Provisions regarding an activity that is deemed not to constitute a permanent establishment even if the
activity is carried on through a fixed place of business)
- Article 13(4) (Provisions for combining business activities carried on by closely related persons for the purpose of
determining whether a permanent establishment exists)
- Article 15 (Provisions for the definition of a person closely related to an enterprise)
- Article 16(1), 1st sentence (Provisions for presentation of a case of taxation not in accordance with the provisions of
the tax treaty for a mutual agreement procedure)
- Article 17(1) (Provisions regarding corresponding adjustments to taxation in accordance with arm’s length principle)
3. Entry into effect
(a) The provisions of the MLI shall have effect in each Contracting Jurisdiction with respect to the tax treaty
between Japan and Pakistan:
(i) in Japan:
(aa) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to non-residents, where the event giving
rise to such taxes occurs on or after January 1, 2022; and
(bb) with respect to all other taxes levied by that Contracting Jurisdiction, for taxes levied with respect to taxable
periods beginning on or after October 1, 2021; and
(ii) in Pakistan:
(aa) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to non-residents, where the event giving
rise to such taxes occurs on or after the first day of the next taxable period that begins on or after
April 1, 2021; and
(bb) with respect to all other taxes levied by that Contracting Jurisdiction, for taxes levied with respect to taxable
periods beginning on or after October 1, 2021.
(b) Notwithstanding (a), Article 16 (Mutual Agreement Procedure) shall have effect with respect to the tax treaty
between Japan and Pakistan for a case presented to the competent authority of a Contracting Jurisdiction on or
after April 1, 2021, except for cases that were not eligible to be presented as of that date under the tax treaty
between Japan and Pakistan prior to its modification by the MLI, without regard to the taxable period to which
the case relates.
Based on the reservations and notifications submitted by Japan on September 26, 2018 and by Pakistan on December 18, 2020, the MLI applies to the tax treaty between Japan and Pakistan as described below.
1. Tax treaty covered by the MLI
-“Convention between Japan and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the
Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income”
Date of signature: January 23, 2008
Date of entry into force: November 9, 2008
2. Provisions of the MLI applicable to the tax treaty
- Article 4(1) (Provisions that provide rules for determining whether a person other than an individual shall be treated
as a resident of one of the Contracting Jurisdictions for the purposes of the tax treaty)
- Article 6(1) (Preamble language describing the intent of the Contracting Jurisdictions that the tax treaty will not
create opportunities for non-taxation or reduced taxation)
- Article 6(3) (Preamble language referring to a desire of the Contracting Jurisdictions to develop their economic
relationship and to enhance their co-operation in tax matters)
- Article 7(1) (Provisions that deny the benefits under the tax treaty where the principal purpose or one of the principal
purposes of any arrangement or transaction was to obtain those benefits)
- Article 9(4) (Provisions for taxation on capital gains from alienation of shares or interests of entities deriving their
value principally from immovable property)
- Article 10(1) to (3) (Provisions that deny the benefits under the tax treaty with respect to a certain income
attributable to a permanent establishment situated in a third jurisdiction)
- Article 12(1) and (2) (Provisions regarding an agent that is deemed to constitute a permeant establishment)
- Article 13(2) (Provisions regarding an activity that is deemed not to constitute a permanent establishment even if the
activity is carried on through a fixed place of business)
- Article 13(4) (Provisions for combining business activities carried on by closely related persons for the purpose of
determining whether a permanent establishment exists)
- Article 15 (Provisions for the definition of a person closely related to an enterprise)
- Article 16(1), 1st sentence (Provisions for presentation of a case of taxation not in accordance with the provisions of
the tax treaty for a mutual agreement procedure)
- Article 17(1) (Provisions regarding corresponding adjustments to taxation in accordance with arm’s length principle)
3. Entry into effect
(a) The provisions of the MLI shall have effect in each Contracting Jurisdiction with respect to the tax treaty
between Japan and Pakistan:
(i) in Japan:
(aa) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to non-residents, where the event giving
rise to such taxes occurs on or after January 1, 2022; and
(bb) with respect to all other taxes levied by that Contracting Jurisdiction, for taxes levied with respect to taxable
periods beginning on or after October 1, 2021; and
(ii) in Pakistan:
(aa) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to non-residents, where the event giving
rise to such taxes occurs on or after the first day of the next taxable period that begins on or after
April 1, 2021; and
(bb) with respect to all other taxes levied by that Contracting Jurisdiction, for taxes levied with respect to taxable
periods beginning on or after October 1, 2021.
(b) Notwithstanding (a), Article 16 (Mutual Agreement Procedure) shall have effect with respect to the tax treaty
between Japan and Pakistan for a case presented to the competent authority of a Contracting Jurisdiction on or
after April 1, 2021, except for cases that were not eligible to be presented as of that date under the tax treaty
between Japan and Pakistan prior to its modification by the MLI, without regard to the taxable period to which
the case relates.