Reports and Papers(2025) : Policy Research Institute

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Reports and Papers (2025)

PRI Discussion Papers

PRI “Discussion Paper” showcase fiscal and economic issues being developed by PRI Staff and/or Economists/Researchers. The purpose of this paper is to provide academic novelty on the issue.

The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Ministry of Finance or the Policy Research Institute. The author is entirely responsible for any errors in this paper.

Title/Keywords	Authors	Creation Date /No.
Intrafirm carry-along trade(PDF:658KB) Keywords:Trade intermediation by producers, Carry-along trade, Intrafirm trade JEL Classification: F12, F13, F14, L11	Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Japan Masahiro Endoh Faculty of International Social Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan Uraku Yoshimoto Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University, Japan Naoto Jinji Graduate School of Social Sciences, Chiba University, Japan Keiko Ito	October 2025 /25A-08
What are the incentives behind working-hour adjustments by second earners?(PDF:627KB) Keywords:Labor supply elasticity, Second earner, Income target, Tax and social insurance premiums JEL Classification: J22, H24, J16	Faculty of Economics, Meiji Gakuin University, Japan Naomi Kodama Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan Shohei Momoda Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance, Japan Masahiro Mikayama Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance, Japan Tomohiro Iguchi	September 2025 /25A-07

Title/Keywords

Authors

Creation Date
/No.

Intrafirm carry-along trade(PDF:658KB)

Keywords:Trade intermediation by producers, Carry-along trade, Intrafirm trade
JEL Classification: F12, F13, F14, L11

Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Japan

Masahiro Endoh

Faculty of International Social Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan

Uraku Yoshimoto

Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University, Japan

Naoto Jinji

Graduate School of Social Sciences, Chiba University, Japan

Keiko Ito

October 2025
/25A-08

What are the incentives behind working-hour adjustments by second earners?(PDF:627KB)

Keywords:Labor supply elasticity, Second earner, Income target, Tax and social insurance premiums
JEL Classification: J22, H24, J16

Faculty of Economics, Meiji Gakuin University, Japan

Naomi Kodama

Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan

Shohei Momoda

Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance, Japan

Masahiro Mikayama

Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance, Japan

Tomohiro Iguchi

September 2025
/25A-07

PRI Research Papers/PRI Staff Reports

PRI “Research Paper” showcase fiscal and economic issues being developed by PRI Staff and/or Economists/Researchers. The purpose of this paper is to give useful findings for the experts/practitioners in the areas such as Administration, Business and Academia.

PRI “Staff Report” showcase fiscal and economic issues being developed by PRI Staff and/or Economists/Researchers. The purpose of this paper is to give survey results and simple explanations on those.

Title/Keywords	Authors	Creation Date /No.

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